Mutation studies, bearing utilization of induced mutations for plant breeding in mind, were started. Describe what hybrids are and how they are developed. To date, 29 major bph resistance genes have been identified from indica cultivars and wild rice species, and more than ten genes have been fine mapped to chromosome regions of less than 200 kb. The near doubling of texas rice yields over the last 35 years is a strong indication of the genetic variability that is available within the rice genome. This is the story of the research that would ultimately change the face of agriculture across asia. Hybrid rice breeding in china lin shihcheng and yuan loungping male sterility in rice and its potential use in breeding j. New insights into the history of rice domestication michael j. Hostplant resistance is the most desirable and economic strategy in the management of bph.
Cooperate with the usdaars geneticists on evaluating and enhancing germplasm that could broaden the genetic base of varieties grown in. Differentiation of the indica hsien rice would have occurred in south asia, and that of the japonica keng rice in southeastern and eastern asia. Thiyagarajan abstract studies were conducted on 20 rice hybrids with checks to assess the genetic variability, heritability and correlation. A study of the effect of seeding rate on head rice yield. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with good. However, the degree and the speed with which future yield increases can be achieved is not known. Genetic studies showed that semidwarf genes induced in the mutants and spontaneous ones in existing varieties are at the same locus. Historically the word mutation has been used to describe an inheritable phenotypic change regardless of its genetic origin. Development and characterization of rice mutants for. Breeding rice for improved grain quality intechopen. Furthermore, following mutation induction pathways, techniques have been applied to identify mutations and the molecular control of dna. From a wild asian grass to a refined crop that is the staple diet of half the worlds population, the domestication of oryza sativa spans centuries, but the grains ancestry is hotly contested. Study shows genetic rice breeding goes back 10,000 years.
Recent progress on the genetics and molecular breeding. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds. International rice research institute on broad areas in rice research, was also the first international conference solely devoted to the discussion of rice genetics, cytogene tics, and taxonomy. From 1930 to 2014 more than 3200 mutagenic plant varieties were released that have been derived. Recent progress on molecular breeding of rice in china. Impact of mutation breeding in rice international nuclear iaea. Mutagenic agents, such as radiation and certain chemicals, then can be used to induce mutations and generate genetic variations from which desired. Pdf plant mutation breeding in agriculture ranjith.
Jun 14, 2016 brown planthopper bph is the most devastating pest of rice. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china. Some milestones are the contribution to the green revolution with the semidwarf varieties, the new rice plant type and hybrid rice. Pdf revisiting rice breeding methods evaluating the use. Molecular breeding for high yield high yield is the eternal theme pursued by rice breeders. Grain quality is a complex trait which comprises milling, appearance grain size and chalkiness, cooking and eating starch properties including apparent amylose content aac, gelatinization temperature gt, gel consistency and paste viscosity measured using rapid visco analyzer measured. Breeding for resistance in rice khush 1977 annals of. In experiments involving the japonica variety tainan 3 and the indica variety ir8, seed treatment with both nitrosoguanidine and fast neutrons gave a high mutation frequency. A mutation is a sudden heritable change in the dna in a living cell, not caused by genetic segregation or genetic recombination. Mutation breeding has had many advantages for vietnam, said ham le huy of the institute of agriculture and genetics. Mutation breeding of rice increases food security across. Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as variation breeding, is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. This means that the offspring or succeeding generations produced by this variety will have the same genetic makeup. Ir8 was more sensitive to the four mutagens tested than tainan 3.
Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. Oct 29, 2014 from a wild asian grass to a refined crop that is the staple diet of half the worlds population, the domestication of oryza sativa spans centuries, but the grains ancestry is hotly contested. Mutation breeding plant breeding requires genetic variation of useful traits for crop improvement. Use of hybridization, backcrossing, anther culture, and other breeding techniques for producing breeding materials with improved semidwarf plant type, disease resistance, rough rice and head rice yields and quality characteristics. This journal is the worlds only highquality serial publication for reporting current advances in rice genetics, structural and functional genomics, comparative genomics, molecular biology and physiology, molecular breeding and comparative biology. Rice breeders have been very successful in improving the crop. New studies that show humans have been breeding rice for 10,000 years serve to underscore the importance of rice throughout history, and highlight the fact that it. Rice breeding methods describe the difference between inbreds, hybrids and transgenic rice 1. Rice plant breeding objective the objective of our research is to implement a marker assisted selection program which uses a physiologicallybased crop simulation model to define which combination of phenotypic traits, and therefore genes, to select when breeding for higher grain yield. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with good grain quality s.
New insights into the history of rice domestication. The chinese hybrid rice breeding program suggests that the. Dec 15, 2011 with the decreasing trend in rice consumption in japan, breeding for new types of rice plant, which is a major responsibility of breeders has also become a political issue. Thus paddy breeding station came into existence at this place as the oldest rice research station in the modern india. Furthermore, following mutation induction pathways, techniques have been applied to identify mutations and the molecular control of dna damage repair mechanisms in the rice genome.
Hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of crossbreeding. Serving as invaluable tools are mutagenic irradiation and isotope tracer techniques. Geographically this research station is located at an elevation of 426. Using markerassisted backcrossing mabc to develop a new salt tolerance rice cultivar is one of the feasible methods to cope with these devastating changes. Mutation breeding is the purposeful application of mutations in plant breeding.
Mutation occurs in nature are called spontaneous mutation. Experimental lines from the semidwarf rice breeding program will be entered into the arkansas rice performance trials in 1997. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf advances in rice breeding, genetics and genomics article pdf available in molecular breeding 114. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china yonghong wang, yongbiao xue and jiayang li institute of genetics and developmental biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china china is the largest producer and consumer of rice in the world and a pioneer in applying hybrid rice technology. Despite regional differences, it can be stated in general that global wheat production in the 20th century can be divided into two periods, as the result of differences in breeding priorities. Nov 22, 2016 hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of cross breeding. Power of conventional rice breeding pubmed central pmc. However, the production and the cultivating areas are adversely affected from the threats of devastation caused by the rise of sea level.
In plant breeding, the induction and identification of seed mutations is a simple process. Jun 07, 2011 new studies that show humans have been breeding rice for 10,000 years serve to underscore the importance of rice throughout history, and highlight the fact that it will likely serve as the food of. Developing methods to select for drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice there is growing evidence that varieties can be developed for improved yield under. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Breeding summary breeding nursery 1815 lines 100 themosensitive male sterile lines 1510 from previous breeding program 205 diverse lines from usda mini core collection.
At low seeding rates 160 seed per square meter the rice varieties millie and adair had significant reductions in head rice. Revisiting rice breeding methods evaluating the use of rapid generation advance rga for routine rice breeding article pdf available in plant production science 204. Explain twoline and threeline hybrid rice production. Pdf application of mutation and conventional breeding strategies. Evaluation of breeding semidwarf rice by induced mutation and. Thus, the target of our breeding program is the development of cultivars with tolerance of lateseason drought. Breeding history asia was desperate for food after world war ii. Pdf present study was carried out to investigate the possibility of developing the plants with superior qualitative and quantitative traits of rice. Rice grain quality improvement has become very crucial for most breeding programs around the world. Forty years ago, a remarkable ricebreeding project culminated in the release of a rice variety under an unremarkable nameir8. New crop varieties bred by mutation breeding jircas. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples. Pdf revisiting rice breeding methods evaluating the.
Rice mutants induced by mutagens chemical mutagens are ideal for inducing dominant. Molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance of rice oryza. Mutation breeding in rice is used to complement con ventional breeding, since this technique is very effective for improving major traits, such as agronomic traits. Rice mutation breeding in china recent studies on asian wild rice and land races of cultivars indicate that south asia is most likely the main centre of origin of cultivated rice. Direct releases of mutants as cultivars began some 30. In 1971 china accepted hybrid rice research as a national cooperative project and in the year 1976, hybrid rice became a reality in china, for the first time in world, by the release of commercial rice hybrids suited for subtropical and temperate zones. The need for restoring japanese agriculture and maintaining selfsufficiency in rice production has always been tightly linked to economic partnership agreements and trade. Pdf the most significant achievements in rice breeding at nuclear institute of agriculture nia, tando jam, pakistan through mutagenesis. Initially it shows how diverse rice is with 22 species, different levels of ploidy and six diversity groups. Inspire a love of reading with prime book box for kids discover delightful childrens books with prime book box, a subscription that delivers new books every 1, 2, or 3 months new customers receive 15% off your first box.
Tando jam, pakistan through mutagenesis are the evolution of four. They generally have a yield capacity equal to that of the semidwarf varieties tn1, ir 8 and others selected from hybridization. Rice aims to fill a glaring void in basic and applied plant science journal publishing. The main breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeders. Here we summarize chinas current situation of molecular breeding in rice regarding different traits, and further discuss the prospects of rice breeding by molecular design mdb. For example, over 3 million farmers have benefitted from the adoption of the dt10 rice mutant variety, which has a 40% higher yield than traditional varieties. Once the mutant population is obtained and the mutation. The term mutation breeding was first coined by freisleben and lein in 1944 to refer to the deliberate induction and development of mutant lines for crop improvement spontaneous and induced mutations. A hybrid is the first generation offspring of a cross between two genetically diverse parents. Rice breeding with induced mutations ii international nuclear iaea.